Make an art with R

# >   05 👨‍🎨 >   the programming of aRt
## 🔗   <a href="https://robust-tools.djnavarro.net">robust-tools.djnavarro.net</a>
### danielle navarro

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<div class="my-footer">

<a href="https://robust-tools.djnavarro.net" target="_blank">robust-tools.djnavarro.net</a>

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- lists, tibbles and the `$` operator
- generating pseudorandom numbers
- how to use a `while` loop
- how to use an `if` statement
- making vectors with `c()`
- finessing your pipelines with `.`
- "dplyr" and "ggplot2" revision/extension
- introducing the "here" package
- a teaser for the "ambient" package

---

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 .larger[.embolden[Values and Vectors]]
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- **numeric** values: `1.53`, `11.6`, `1.0`, etc
- **integer** values: `0L`, `1L`, `2L`, `100L`, etc
- **character** values: `"pride"`, `"and"`, `"prejudice"`,  
- **logical** values: `TRUE`, `FALSE`

---

- `NA` means "information not available" (e.g., missing data)
- `NULL` means "programming variable doesn't exist"
- `NaN` means "not a number" (e.g., `0/0` is `NaN`)

- `Inf` is positive infinity (e.g., `1/0` is `Inf`)
- `-Inf` is negative infinity (e.g., `-1/0` is `-Inf`)

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.pull-leftish[
.hand[Topic:]
- vectors with `c()`, numeric
- vectors with `c()`, character
- get one using `[ ]` 
- get two using `[ ]` 
- negative indices drop items
- elementwise operations
- the recycling rule

]
--
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.hand[Example:]
- `fib <- c(1,1,2,3,5,8)`
- `pet <- c("bat","cat","dog")`
- `pet[3]` is `"dog"`
- `pet[c(1,3)]` is `c("bat","dog")`
- `pet[-2]` is `c("bat","dog")`
- `fib + 1` is `c(2,2,3,4,6,9)`
- `fib + c(0,1)` is `c(1,2,2,4,5,9)`
]

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 .larger[.embolden[Class and Coercion]]
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.pull-leftish[
.hand[Topic:]
- objects have a **class**
- possibly multiple classes
- you can coerce objects...
]
--
.pull-rightish[
.hand[Example:]
- `class(fib)` is `"numeric"`
- `class(mpg)` shows three classes
- `as.character(3)` is `"3"`
- `as.character(TRUE)` is `"TRUE"`
- `as.numeric(TRUE)` is `1`
- `as.numeric("cat")` is `NA`
]

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 .larger[.embolden[&nbsp;&nbsp;Logical &nbsp;&nbsp;Operations ]]
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.hand[Operator:]
- equal to, `==`
- less than, `<` 
- less than or equal to, `<=` 
]
--
.pull-right-wide[
.hand[Example:]
- `"cat" == "cat"` is `TRUE`
- `1 < 10` is `TRUE`
- `10 <= 10` is `TRUE`
]

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.pull-left-narrow[
.hand[Operator:]
- and, `&`
- or, `|`
- not, `!`
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.pull-right-wide[
.hand[Example:]
- `(1+1 == 2) & (2+1 == 2)` is `FALSE`
- `(1+1 == 2) | (2+1 == 2)` is `TRUE`
- `!TRUE` is `FALSE`
]

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 .larger[.embolden[&nbsp;&nbsp;Lists...]]
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---

---

```r
art_par <- list(
 seed = c(2, 10, 19),
 n_paths = 100,
 n_steps = 20,
 palette = "bilbao",
 save = TRUE
)
```
]
--
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```
## $seed
## [1]  2 10 19
## 
## $n_paths
## [1] 100
## 
## $n_steps
## [1] 20
## 
## $palette
## [1] "bilbao"
## 
## $save
## [1] TRUE
```
]

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 .larger[.embolden[&nbsp;&nbsp;... Listish &nbsp;&nbsp;Things?]]
]

---

```r
list(
  pet = c("cat", "dog"), 
  count = c(3, 1)
)
```

```
## $pet
## [1] "cat" "dog"
## 
## $count
## [1] 3 1
```
]

```r
tibble(
  pet = c("cat", "dog"), 
  count = c(3, 1)
)
```

```
## # A tibble: 2 x 2
## pet count
## <chr> <dbl>
## 1 cat 3
## 2 dog 1
```
]

---

```r
list(
  pet = c("cat", "dog"), 
  count = c(3, 1)
)
```

```
## $pet
## [1] "cat" "dog"
## 
## $count
## [1] 3 1
```
]

```r
data.frame(
  pet = c("cat", "dog"), 
  count = c(3, 1)
)
```

```
##   pet count
## 1 cat     3
## 2 dog     1
```
]

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 .larger[.embolden[&nbsp;&nbsp;Loops]]
]

---

```r
value <- 0
while(value < .8) {
 value <- runif(n = 1)
 print(value)
}
```
]
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```
## [1] 0.3977455
## [1] 0.1156978
## [1] 0.06974868
## [1] 0.2437494
## [1] 0.7920104
## [1] 0.3400624
## [1] 0.9720625
```
]

---

```r
pet <- c("bat","cat","dog")
for(p in pet) {
 msg <- str_c(
 "------", p, "------"
 )
 print(msg) 
}
```
]
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```
## [1] "------bat------"
## [1] "------cat------"
## [1] "------dog------"
```
]

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 .larger[.embolden[&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If]]
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---

```r
pet <- c("bat","cat","dog")
for(p in pet) {
 if(p == "cat") {
 msg <- str_c("A ", p, " is the best!!!")
 } 
}

print(msg)
```

```
## [1] "A cat is the best!!!"
```

---

```r
pet <- c("bat","cat","dog")
for(p in pet) {
 if(p == "cat") {
 msg <- str_c("A ", p, " is the best!!!")
 } else {
 msg <- str_c("A ", p, " is okay I guess")
 }
 print(msg) 
}
```

```
## [1] "A bat is okay I guess"
## [1] "A cat is the best!!!"
## [1] "A dog is okay I guess"
```

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